Spread of Buddhism in China free essay sample

Archive Based Essay Buddhism is a religion established in India by Buddha in the 6th century B. C. E. , and was later brought to China. The spread of Buddhism to China was adequate by the vast majority yet not all. The missing archive ought to be composed by somebody from lower class since one could need to know how Buddhism and its spread influenced them and most different records are composed by researchers. Despite the fact that the records composed by Han Yu and Emperor Wu state that Buddhism isn't useful for China others appear to oppose this idea. Mysterious Chinese researcher and Zong Mi compose that Buddha ought to be regarded and the remainder of the reports are composed by Buddhists, who like the Chinese researcher and Zong Mi imagine that the spread of Buddhism in China. The initial two records are for the most part about Buddhism and how to rehearse it. The primary archive is about The Four Noble Truths. We will compose a custom exposition test on Spread of Buddhism in China or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The Four Noble Truths are said to give an applied structure to the whole Buddhist idea. Zhi Dun, Chinese researcher, writer, compatriot of Chinese blue-bloods and high authorities, and the essayist of he second record discusses rebirth and arriving at Nirvana. Record 1 doesnt talk about Buddhism spreading in China by any means, anyway Dun notices that whosoever in China serves Buddha and watches the rules will enter Nirvana. In this way Dun feels that rehearsing Buddhism is commendable for Chinese and with that underpins the spread of Buddhism. The reports are both composed structure a partisans perspective. Reports composed by Han Yu and Emperor Wu emphatically recommend that Buddhism hurt Tang China. The two of them believe that Buddhism shouldVe never spread to China. Yu, the main Confucian researcher and authority at the Tang majestic court, is stating that if Buddha appeared in China in ninth century he would be excused. Buddha didnt speak Chinese and wore garments ofa distinctive style. If he somehow happened to appear at Chinese court he would be guided to the outskirts of China. Tang Emperor Wu was discussing how Buddhists deserted their obligations to rehearse Buddhism and others were experiencing it. To cite him Now if even one man neglects to till the ground, somebody must go hungry; in the event that one lady doesn't tend her Silkworms, omeone will go cold. The Emperor says that Buddhism depletes the people groups quality, steals Their riches, makes individuals relinquish their masters and guardians for the organization of educators, and serves Man and spouse with its religious announcements. The two of them clearly are not content with Buddhism in China, despite the fact that in light of various reasons. In archives 3 and 5 Buddhism is r egarded, the journalists feel that the spread of Buddhism to China was incredible. Unknown Chinese researcher answers demands addressing Buddhism in a manner that safeguards Buddhism. He said that the directions ot the Contucian works of art don't contain eve rything. At the point when the questioner Judges priests since some dont wed for their entire lives the researcher answers that priests collect goodness and intelligence in return for the Joys of having a spouse and youngsters. Zong MI, the essayist of the fifth record, and furthermore a main Buddhist researcher, believes that Buddha as well as Confucius and Laozi ought to be regarded. They attempted to make ideal social orders with urging individuals to do great, rebuffing terrible ones, and remunerating great ones. Zong Mi and the mysterious Chinese researcher are the two partisans and bolster the spread of Buddhism in China. Most archives are stating that the spread of Buddhism to China was an incredible thing; the main two authors who differ are Han Yu and Tang Emperor Wu. Like referenced before one of them imagined that Buddha was not dressed properly, and the other idea that individuals exiting their Positions to rehearse Buddhism harmed others. Archives 1 and 2 discussion about Buddhism by and large and reports 4 and 6 are strong and particular of Buddhism.

American Bungalow Essays - Bungalow, The Aladdin Company

American Bungalow Essays - Bungalow, The Aladdin Company American Bungalow The article Manufacturing and Marketing the American Bungalow by Scott Erbes talks about the impacts that The Aladdin Company had on the American Bungalow. The Aladdin Company was a fundamental maker of these mail request homes. By extreme advertising and purposeful publicity the Aladdin Company, alongside a few others, had the option to advance and sell these precut homes via mail. The Aladdin Company was established in 1906 in Bay City, Michigan by William and Otto Sovereign. William and Otto began their firm having had no design involvement with all. They were enlivened by a companion who was in the matter of selling precut vessels via mail so they chose to wander into selling precut homes via mail. All together for William and Otto to kick their organization off and up to the level that they needed, it got important to utilize mass-showcasing as a ploy to bring individuals into homes through the mail. Their method of tempting individuals to purchase these homes was through their index. They depicted the homes via mail, lodges, as a getaway from lifes stresses: A spot where one could cooperative with nature. By taking the limited time viewpoint to such a significant level the home turned out to be extremely unmistakable in the America in the mid 1900s. By 1917, William and Otto were selling in excess of 3,000 homes for each year. They had homes spread everywhere throughout the United States and remembered for that variety of proprietors were a few enormous scope organizations, for example, the Dupont Company. Their prosperity proceeded for the following two decades and William and Otto had the option to expand their product offering from the houses as well as the decorations in the houses. In any case, the organizations force was almost exhausted during the Great Depression. Aladdins yield dropped definitely during the Great Depression however in the decades following the Depression, it had the option to recover a portion of their benefit yet they never arrived at the level that they were at before the Depression. At long last, during the 1980s the organization needed to close down as a result of the absence of benefit. The creator, Scott Erbes, centers vigorously around the various sorts of the cabin and on their cause. The word cabin originates from the work Bangla, which is a cottage like dwelling from the area of Bengal, India. This birthplace configuration was significantly modified when it arrived at the United States. The translation of the Bangla into what Aladdins creators felt it expected to look like was radically changed. The plan went from something convenient to something that was changeless and utilized for occasional excursions. Individuals utilized their cabins as their summer homes and in the long run the homes turned into the all year inhabitants for a portion of the lower working class individuals. It turns out to be evident that a creation as to a great extent acknowledged as this one, would draw in a lot of consideration from the media. The cabin got both great and awful surveys relying upon the individual. Some were obsessed with the thought while others were incredulous of the utilization of these abodes for lasting use. They asserted that the structure had no design innovativeness at all and that they were exhausting. It is exceptionally interesting that something as negligible as a mail request home could be as mainstream as it was for the timespan that it was. For William and Otto to think about this thought and to really have the option to make a benefit off of it is extremely excellent. They faced a challenge when they wandered into the business yet it paid of when they had the option to advance a thoughts that brought forth such huge numbers of different organizations to do something very similar. Likewise, to have the option to conquer the staggering dissatisfaction with certain pundits is excellent. Aladdins thought for the home was flexible and along these lines it spoke to the white collar class. The white collar class would have the option to purchase a home this way and have the option to transform it around as they saw fit for what they required. The way that the creator analyzes the home to the log lodge turns out to be extremely captivating. He says that the home is the cutting edge log lodge. The way that the creator relates these two permits you

Instart Logic

Instart Logic INTRODUCTIONMartin: Hi today we’re at Palo Alto with Instart Logic. Manav, who are you and what do you do?Manav: Hi Martin, I’m the founder and CEO of Instart Logic. We are a company in the Application Delivery space. We provide a cloud based service that speeds, scales and secures modern applications. Our customers are basically online companies that make money by putting user experience in front of an online audience that includes e- commerce companies, online retailers, SaaS application publishers and we got some great customer like Staples, TUI Travels, Washington Post are using our service today.Martin: And how did you start this company?Manav: So our start has a very interesting history. We started as a gaming company, so I and 2 of my co-founders we were colleagues at a previous start up. We joined like within two weeks of each other and in 2010 we basically started building out what we thought would be a website where gamers would go, they would download games, you would keep track of their scores, you would pay them off with each other, we even raised a little bit of a seed round on that idea.A few months in, we realized it was a very bad idea because of a lot of different reasons; it was a shrinking market, the value proposition was eroding. It was very clear that we would not be able to build a big company on this idea. But we had a few folks who had join the team, we had raised funding from a few investors and we had basically two option; (1) give the money, call it quits or (2) use the strengths we had build which was in the form of our network, the people who were betting on us, our advisers who believed in us and leverage the trends we had spotted in the market. And the big trend we had spotted was that, as people moved from desktop to mobile devices to consumer applications, almost every company is going to completely rebuild their applications from scratch to provide them a very seamless experience across those multiple devices and that’s going to disrupt legacy application delivery solutions. And that turned out to be a huge opportunity that we just decided to jump in. And that’s kind of where we started and that’s how we ended up on executing on that idea.Martin: This sounds like Flickr, because from what I’ve heard they also started with a gaming idea. What I’ve heard is that they had a gaming idea and then they pivoted into something else which actually made sense.Manav: Yes, In reality, I think it’s similar to two companies; Flickr like you mentioned, the other one is Slack, that also started out as a gaming company. And then Fiction started like this company named Pipe Piper on the Silicon Valley show. Interestingly enough, originally it was Game Piper. So you know its not a strange case.Martin: And what did you do before you started the company?Manav: So I was previously at Ask a Data which was an early big data company and I was a very early employee over there. My co-founders, Raghu and Hari, all of three of us joined within a couple weeks of each other. They joined as an engineer but towards the end, I was running a substantial part of engineering team.BUSINESS MODEL OF INSTART LOGICMartin: You’ve nicely described the customer base. What are you making revenue out of? Is it a SaaS model or is it anything that you’re selling?Manav: So we provide a service which follows a SaaS model. So our customer use our service, it is fully cloud base, easy to provision, easy to use and we bill them on a typical SaaS basis, monthly online subscription.Martin: And are you depending on any partners?Manav: So we have lots of partners in different areas. We have great partners who are basically allies but different view points on the performance space, they kind of know companies like Yidiodalic New Relic who offered performance monitoring solutions. We all know each other and we co-market together. We’ve got great partners who bring us revenue and partners we bring revenues for. So wha t we see is a very healthy ecosystem of companies who all see this problem in the space that application are completely changing, in terms of how they are built, how they are deployed, how they are consumed. That has created a void in the market place which a lot of companies are rushing to fill and then part of that ecosystem which is a distribution ecosystem to come up to fill this void.Martin: Can you give us a little bit more transparence on, imagine I’m a company and today I’m following the old model; I have a desktop application and I have a maintenance apps, etc. and the new model which you are apparently tackling today?Manav: Yes, so if you are online company today, so performance is going to be super critical for you. Typically what you will be doing is having a marketing team which will be good for building a mobile site or mobile app, you will be spending a lot of money, be it platforming your website or app, building a really good compelling user experience and spend ing money on campaign, SEO, etc, driving those users to those new sites, to those new apps. The problem is that the first experience typically is on a smart phone or a tablet in some crowded coffee shop over WiFi signal and the site or the app that takes more than three four five seconds to load, you lose all those users and you lose all that money. And one of the primary reason for that is that you’re using one of the CDN service; a content delivering network service for delivering those application to those end users. They don’t scale for mobile devices anymore and then what would happens is that performance becomes top of mine for every single executive in the company and that’s when instart would come in.We would go work with your team, show you our value proposition. It’s a very simple replacement for your existing CDN solution. We would typically start using a mobile site or some single app that you really care about where performance is your biggest challenge, we woul d show you how faster we are than your existing solution. It would have a dramatic impact on your conversions, user experience, search ranking; it increase your overall top line. You’ll feel very excited about the value proposition of the product, about the technological road map and about the great service we can provide and what a cool partners we are and then follow a typical expand model, where you would say, “Look, I have all these different sites, why am I wasting money on a CDN why don’t I put all of it on Instart Logic” and that’s where this relationship would go.ADVICE TO ENTREPRENEURS FROM MANAV MITAL In Palo Alto (CA), we meet founder and CEO of Instart Logic, Manav Mital. Manav talks about his story how he came up with the idea and founded Instart Logic, how the current business model works, as well as he provides some advice for young entrepreneurs.INTRODUCTIONMartin: Hi today we’re at Palo Alto with Instart Logic. Manav, who are you and what do you do?Manav: Hi Martin, I’m the founder and CEO of Instart Logic. We are a company in the Application Delivery space. We provide a cloud based service that speeds, scales and secures modern applications. Our customers are basically online companies that make money by putting user experience in front of an online audience that includes e- commerce companies, online retailers, SaaS application publishers and we got some great customer like Staples, TUI Travels, Washington Post are using our service today.Martin: And how did you start this company?Manav: So our start has a very interesting history. We started as a gaming company, so I and 2 of my co-founders we were colleagues at a previous start up. We joined like within two weeks of each other and in 2010 we basically started building out what we thought would be a website where gamers would go, they would download games, you would keep track of their scores, you would pay them off with each other, we even raised a little bit of a seed round on that idea.A few months in, we realized it was a very bad idea because of a lot of different reasons; it was a shrinking market, the value proposition was eroding. It was very clear that we would not be able to build a big company on this idea. But we had a few folks who had join the team, we had raised funding from a few investors and we had basically two option; (1) give the money, call it quits or (2) use the strengths we had build which was in the form of our network, the people who were betting on us, our advisers who believed in us and leverage the trends we had spotted in the market. And the big trend we had spott ed was that, as people moved from desktop to mobile devices to consumer applications, almost every company is going to completely rebuild their applications from scratch to provide them a very seamless experience across those multiple devices and that’s going to disrupt legacy application delivery solutions. And that turned out to be a huge opportunity that we just decided to jump in. And that’s kind of where we started and that’s how we ended up on executing on that idea.Martin: This sounds like Flickr, because from what I’ve heard they also started with a gaming idea. What I’ve heard is that they had a gaming idea and then they pivoted into something else which actually made sense.Manav: Yes, In reality, I think it’s similar to two companies; Flickr like you mentioned, the other one is Slack, that also started out as a gaming company. And then Fiction started like this company named Pipe Piper on the Silicon Valley show. Interestingly enough, originally it was Game Pip er. So you know its not a strange case.Martin: And what did you do before you started the company?Manav: So I was previously at Ask a Data which was an early big data company and I was a very early employee over there. My co-founders, Raghu and Hari, all of three of us joined within a couple weeks of each other. They joined as an engineer but towards the end, I was running a substantial part of engineering team.BUSINESS MODEL OF INSTART LOGICMartin: You’ve nicely described the customer base. What are you making revenue out of? Is it a SaaS model or is it anything that you’re selling?Manav: So we provide a service which follows a SaaS model. So our customer use our service, it is fully cloud base, easy to provision, easy to use and we bill them on a typical SaaS basis, monthly online subscription.Martin: And are you depending on any partners?Manav: So we have lots of partners in different areas. We have great partners who are basically allies but different view points on the perf ormance space, they kind of know companies like Yidiodalic New Relic who offered performance monitoring solutions. We all know each other and we co-market together. We’ve got great partners who bring us revenue and partners we bring revenues for. So what we see is a very healthy ecosystem of companies who all see this problem in the space that application are completely changing, in terms of how they are built, how they are deployed, how they are consumed. That has created a void in the market place which a lot of companies are rushing to fill and then part of that ecosystem which is a distribution ecosystem to come up to fill this void.Martin: Can you give us a little bit more transparence on, imagine I’m a company and today I’m following the old model; I have a desktop application and I have a maintenance apps, etc. and the new model which you are apparently tackling today?Manav: Yes, so if you are online company today, so performance is going to be super critical for you. T ypically what you will be doing is having a marketing team which will be good for building a mobile site or mobile app, you will be spending a lot of money, be it platforming your website or app, building a really good compelling user experience and spending money on campaign, SEO, etc, driving those users to those new sites, to those new apps. The problem is that the first experience typically is on a smart phone or a tablet in some crowded coffee shop over WiFi signal and the site or the app that takes more than three four five seconds to load, you lose all those users and you lose all that money. And one of the primary reason for that is that you’re using one of the CDN service; a content delivering network service for delivering those application to those end users. They don’t scale for mobile devices anymore and then what would happens is that performance becomes top of mine for every single executive in the company and that’s when instart would come in.We would go work w ith your team, show you our value proposition. It’s a very simple replacement for your existing CDN solution. We would typically start using a mobile site or some single app that you really care about where performance is your biggest challenge, we would show you how faster we are than your existing solution. It would have a dramatic impact on your conversions, user experience, search ranking; it increase your overall top line. You’ll feel very excited about the value proposition of the product, about the technological road map and about the great service we can provide and what a cool partners we are and then follow a typical expand model, where you would say, “Look, I have all these different sites, why am I wasting money on a CDN why don’t I put all of it on Instart Logic” and that’s where this relationship would go.ADVICE TO ENTREPRENEURS FROM MANAV MITALMartin: Cool. Imagine, you have a friend. What kind of advice would you give him if he said, “Manav, I would lik e to start a company, but I’ve never done it before”. What kind of advice would you give him?Manav: You know, one of the biggest advice I give to people is ignore advice from people like myself.It’s pretty interesting because I was actually talking to someone about it yesterday. When we started out, there was three of us, one of our very early investors, he wanted to introduce us to a chairman of a very large multinational corporation, thought they’d be a very good early customer. So he invited me and my co-founders to his house. We met with this guy, he looks at it and says it’s a very cool idea. He says, “How large is your company?” I said, “There is only three of us”. He looks at our investor, “You do realize the big risk that they’re taking?” You know what the investor said, he said, “If they knew any better they would not do it”.So part of it as being an entrepreneur, in some sense ignoring a lot of risks that are obvious to experts, obvious to the r eference, obvious to everybody else but just ignoring it, just believe in the few things that you really believe in, a few values that are really precious to you and hold on to them forever. And as the company gets bigger and you hire more people, you make more competitors, you have more customers, the life keeps on getting more complex, problems keep on getting more complex but the solution turns out to be surprisingly simple. And those solutions are always those few values and few things that you absolutely believe in, just make broad strokes.The one thing I would advise entrepreneurs to always do, which I did, is to always listen to the market. The market is the only expert that you should probably listen to and that’s what we did at the start. Even going after the gaming market, we realize it’s a small market, there is a much bigger opportunity than if we went after that market in this world of application delivery. There are e-commerce companies, online gaming companies, Sa aS publishers, lots of different verticals and there again we spoke to a lot of different customers, realizing ecommerce companies, travel hospitalities, news media, those are the largest most important verticals for us, we went after them. So that’s the only thing I would advice entrepreneurs to listen to experts.Martin: What are the values that you have been focusing on in the first place when you first started out?Manav: I think the one value that I really emphasized on was to hire A+ Players. Hire really smart people, really motivated with high head room, who are very competent and very low on ego, who basically work very well together as a team. At Instart, the biggest struggle that weve had is just hiring really good people. At any given point in time, we have as many vacancies open as the employees in the company. But we are very selective in terms of who we bring in to be a part of this company. We actually think it’s extremely special and thats the one thing that we jus t never ever compromise on.Martin: And how did you find the first employees that are rock stars?Manav: So basically we went through our network. Because I, my co-founders, we have been in the industry working for the last three, four, five years; we went to some good schools. And you know when you work hard, people tend to notice that. If you are an A+ player, if we work hard, if we generate good results, if you are a very good team player, people remember those things. And you know our previous colleagues remembered us from our previous contracts and they were willing to make a bet on us and at that time, nobody else would. That’s how we hired our early employees. And then you started having this what I call the snowball effect. We had our first good three employees, we find the first good investor and then we find the first good customer. And it is all about only, sort of dealing with A+ folks in terms of brand for a customer or in terms of portfolios and track record for an inv estor or capability for an employee. And these people tend to attract people like themselves and that’s how we did built the company.Martin: And with the customers? Was it the same way that you acquired the first customers via your network or was it more of a like a cold acquisition of customers?Manav: It was basically a cold acquisition. The value proposition for Instart is very similar. If I came to you and I say, “Look we have some website, I don’t know what this website is, if I made it faster by 2x. Nothing else changes for you”. Like why would you say no, right? For us, that’s what we basically did. I wasn’t afraid to approach strangers so I approached a few early customers, who were technically very smart, had good brand and were forward leading and we spoke to them, and they were very excited and intrigued by what we could do. And most of them have been on our service ever since.Martin: Can you please elaborate on your sales process? So what does a sales process look like today and what might have changed?Manav: So the sales process hasn’t really changed, so if you think about Instart, Instart is the the result of a technology disruption. We’ve built a technology, we have pioneered a new architecture design for how to build an application delivery service and on the business model side, which seems to be basically the same as what most of the players would look at. It’s a direct sales model where we’ll hire field based sales people, you have them go call on different accounts. The lead generation for us is really very straightforward. Anybody who’s using CDN is a target customer of ours and we’ll call them up, the sales pitch is relatively very straightforward, “Look we can make your site faster. Faster site, faster app means these benefits for the top line, why don’t you give it a shot?”Martin: Good. Thank you very much, Manav!Manav: Yes.Martin: And maybe if you want to have a faster app or website, Instart Logic might be an option.Manav: Thank you, Martin.Martin: Great! Thank you so much!Manav: Thanks for everything! Thanks!

I Have Always Had A Passion For Mathematics Essay

I have always had a passion for mathematics. Outside of school, I did sudokus, measured my entire house, made graphs, and even created my own problems to explore mathematics. I would do all of my work, including tests, without a calculator just to challenge myself and do more math. As the concepts increased in difficulty, the subject became even more fun for me. The dedication and creativity required in advanced mathematics have only empowered my enthusiasm for mathematics. The problem-solving within mathematics and the love I had for the subject inspired me to become a teacher. Because of my enthusiasm for mathematics, I became the tutor for the Math Lab at Gardner-Webb. With this job, I am available to students struggling in one-hundred-level mathematics courses every week. This has allowed me to share my excitement for math. I focus on the problem-solving, almost puzzle-like aspect of mathematics and show students how fun solving problems could be. I share my passion for the subject with students who had the very opposite view of mathematics as me and, by the end of each semester, students began to have fun with the problems with me! My passion gives them motivation to persevere through their homework. My time in the Math Lab has helped me discover my value of passion in the classroom. I want to share my excitement for math with my students just like what I have done in the Math Lab. I have found that, if learners care for and like the subject they are learning about,Show MoreRelatedMy First Year Of College756 Words   |  4 PagesI haven’t always had a passion for mathematics. Throughout high school and my first year of college, my only goal was to get a degree with minimal effort. My first year at SUNY Potsdam was dreadful at best. Not only was I miserable taking courses I didn’t enjoy, but my GPA suffered for it. The semester I took Calculus 1 was when everything turned around for me. 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John Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men - 1623 Words

Loneliness is the feeling of isolation and no hope or dreams in your life which is what Steinbeck achieves by portraying this theme effectively using key characters and settings in Of Mice and Men. Steinbeck writes about the Great Depression and how two friends, Lennie and George, stay together through this tough time. They go from town to town and work on ranches, always staying together. This new haven in California they stumble upon seems like a good fit, however Lennie creates problems and terminates their chances of survival there. In the first chapter Steinbeck sets a scene of tranquillity which when inferred has a sense of loneliness. Its set â€Å"a few miles south of Soledad†, which is in western California, he chooses this city†¦show more content†¦The tranquillity disappears when the two men come into the scene; they are travelling to the ranch where the theme of loneliness carries on. The ranch is the main setting of the book and the home of all loneliness. Ranchmen â€Å"are the loneliest men in the world† this is because â€Å"they got no family† and â€Å"don’t belong no place†. Steinbeck describes ranch life for the average man through George and Lennie. They are telling themselves this to make them feel that they have â€Å"got a future† men during the great depression lives to work they would move from city to city just to find work, no time for a family. The ranch is also very separate having different rooms for everything and the men being very reserved. All they have are â€Å"articles, soap and talcum powder, razors and western magazines†. All these items are very impersonal and lonely. They don’t have photos or letters from loved ones. The ranch men had â€Å"apple boxes† as shelves â€Å"big square table† for them to play â€Å"solitaire† on. Also everybody is very separate and never share anything they have. What also make the ranch even lonelier are all the characters. Each character has a sense of loneliness about them and some more than others. George and Lennie are strangely looked at by the other characters in the Of Mice and Men. This is because they travel around together. For example when the boss greets them for the first time he think that George is pulling the wool over Lennie’s

Midland Energy Resources, Cost of Capital Free Essays

Midland Energy Resources, Cost of Capital The case is about how Janet Mortensen, senior vice president of project finance for Midland Energy Resources, prepare her annual cost of capital estimates for midland and each of its three divisions for her company. Midland was a global energy company with operations in oil and gas exploration and production (EP), refining and marketing(RM), and petrochemicals. Estimates of cost of capital prepared by Mortensen were used in many analyses within Midland, including asset appraisals for both capital budgeting and financial accounting, performance assessments. We will write a custom essay sample on Midland Energy Resources, Cost of Capital or any similar topic only for you Order Now Since her calculations had been widely applied in various areas and became influential, she was considering appending a sort of user’s guide to the 2007 set of calculations for reference to different applications. Mortensen used WACC formula to estimate cost of capital, compute the cost of debt by adding a premium over US Treasury securities of a similar maturity, and calculate the cost of equity by using the CAPM formula. After reviewing the case and tables given, we calculated the company’s composite WACC and WACCs for each division respectively. The company’s composite WACC is 8. 19%. The inputs we used are spread to treasury of 1. 2%, debt ratio of 42. 2%, Treasury bond yields of 4. 98% at a 30-year maturity, the 2006 tax rate of 39%, beta of 1. 25, and EMRP of 5%. However, we do not think that EMRP given in the case is appropriate. Instead, we recommend 3. 3%, which is the most recent EMRP estimate according the survey results in the Exhibit 6. Midland canno t use the same WACC for all divisions. It has three different divisions with different risk or Beta, which is given in Exhibit 5. If midland uses same WACC for all division it can accept risky investment or some time it may mislead by giving up profitable investment. It should use corporate WACC only for corporate level decision. WACC for EP and RM is calculated by using cost of debt by adding risk free rate plus spread to TB. From the Exhibit 5, weights for debt and Equity are calculated. WACC of EP is 8. 82 and RF is 9. 83. Both WACC are different to each other because they have different risk level, leverage and credit rating. Calculation Part: WACC (EP):=rd(D/V)(1-t)+re(E/V)=6. 58*0. 2847(1-0. 39)+10. 73*0. 7153=8. 8178 rd=rf+spread =4. 98+1. 6=6. 58, re=rf+B(EMRP)=4. 98+1. 15*5=10. 73 D/E=0. 398 or V-E/E=0. 398 or E/V=0. 7153 D/V=1-E/V=1-0. 7153=0. 2847 WACC (RM)=rd(D/V)(1-t)+re(E/V)=6. 78*0. 1687(1-0. 39)+10. 98*0. 8313=9. 8253 rd= rf+spread =4. 98+1. 8=6. 78re= rf+B(EMRP)=4. 98+1. 2*5=10. 98 D/E=0. 203orV-E/E=0. 203orE/V=0. 8313, D/V=1-E/V=1-0. 8313=0. 1687 For Petrochemical division, since we don’t have sufficient information of that division. We cannot compute our Beta so that we cannot get an exact number of WACC for the division. If the managers want to have a rough estimate, they can use the overall Beta as an average for three divisions and calculate the Beta for Petrochemical division. Then they can get the WACC. How to cite Midland Energy Resources, Cost of Capital, Essay examples

Mental Disorder in E. A. Poe’s Prose free essay sample

The main body of the essay is divided into three parts, in which I will compare and contrast these three short stories discussing: first the characters of the stories affected by the mental disorder and its nature; then the pattern of the plot; and last the role of the narrator. The reason I have chosen the three discussed short stories is that they share a common story pattern a character suffering from a developing mental disease[1] who is eventually led to commit a murder of a close person and through this deed brought to his doom. Yet, the particularities of this pattern differ with each of the stories, and thus provide a rich overview for the purposes of the study. First, I will focus on the affected character and the nature of his condition. The main character of â€Å"The Black Cat† is clearly a man. His name is unknown. However, the reader learns to know a reasonable amount of information about his background. We will write a custom essay sample on Mental Disorder in E. A. Poe’s Prose or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When he was a child he used to like animals above anything and he kept this affection for them until his adulthood. For that period of his life, he also attributed to himself â€Å"tenderness of heart[2]†. He married a woman who was kind, patient and shared the love for animals with him and together they took care of various pets. Among these pets, one has a privileged position, a cat named Pluto, so that the main character speaks of friendship and regard. The disease he suffers from is clearly alcoholism, for he first states that â€Å"my disease grew upon me for what disease is like Alcohol[3],† and then, throughout the story, he refers to his drinking: â€Å"returning home, much intoxicated,† â€Å"soon drowned in wine all memory. Of the main character of â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† the reader learns almost nothing – neither the gender (it may be assumed that he is a man as other Poe’s main characters), nor the name, and the only thing the reader learns is that he had close relationship to â€Å"the old man,† most likely his father. The disease he claims to have is â€Å"the over-acuteness of the senses[4],† hearing in particular. Mo st is known about the main character of â€Å"The Fall of the house of Usher†, a young man Roderick Usher. He is the last living male descendant of an ancient family. He is not married and he shares the manor to which his family has been bound with his twin sister, Madeline â€Å"tenderly beloved sister† and â€Å"his sole companion for long years† as the narrator depicts her[5]. The disease he suffers from is also described in greater detail than in case of the previous short stories; the reader first learns general information that â€Å"the writer [Usher] spoke of acute bodily illness of a mental disorder which oppressed him,† and then details when Ushers describes the nature of his condition stating that he has â€Å"suffered much from morbid acuteness of the senses[6]. Also, the way Roderick speaks is compared to a â€Å"lost drunkard or the irreclaimable eater of opium. The only thing the affected characters have in common is a beloved person (the wife and the cat, the father and the sister); this common aspect shall prove significant later when I will discuss the story pattern. In addition, there are more aspects sh ared always by two short stories out of three; the over-acuteness of senses as a mental disease, alcoholism (whether confessed as in case of the man in â€Å"The Black Cat† or suggested as at Roderick Usher) or the lack of names in case of â€Å"the Black Cat† and â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart†. As for the latter, some light may be shed on this fact later when I will discuss the narrator. Second, I will discuss the plots of the three short stories and explain my claim that all of them share a common pattern. As I clarified above, the main character of â€Å"The Black Cat† is an alcoholic. As the result of this condition, he â€Å"grew, day by day, more moody, more irritable, more regardless of the feelings of others[7];† in other words, a gradual change of temper takes place. The way the plot develops is likewise gradual; the man under the influence of his changing temper first rips the eye of his favourite cat, then hangs it on the tree, then finds himself a new cat, which he gradually begins to hate, and last (after an unsuccessful attempt to kill the second cat) he murders his wife in affect. He bricks the corpse in a wall and feels relieved and self-confident, but in the end, his crime is xposed for he accidentally bricked the cat as well and its scream â€Å"utterly anomalous and inhuman† betrays the whereabouts of the corpse. In case of the significantly shorter â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart,† the main protagonist states that a vulture-like eye of the old man irritated him to that extent that he â€Å"by degrees very gradually [†¦] made up [his] mind to take the life of the old man. He then describes a gradual process of entering the old man’s room at night in secrecy for a period of one week until, at last, the latter woke up, opened his vulture-like eye, and thus gave the main character the stimulus to commit the murder. After the murder, he hides the body under the floor, feels relieved and self-confident, but in the end (after he seats police inspectors in the very room where the old man’s corpse is hidden) he starts hearing a sound resembling one of a beating heart from underneath the floor, which eventually drives him to confession. In contrast to the previous two characters, Roderick in â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† does not undergo a gradual change; though a change is noted by the narrator when he describes his face stating that â€Å"in the mere exaggeration of the prevailing character of these [Usher’s] features, and of the expression they were wont to convey, lay so much a change that I doubted to whom I spoke[8]. The turning point comes when the reader learns that Madeline (who too suffered from a disease â€Å"a settled apathy, a gradual wasting away of the person and [†¦] affections of a partially cataleptical character[9]†) has died and Roderick lays her body in a coffin into the family tomb. After that â€Å"an observable change came over the features of the mental disorder of [Roderick]; â€Å"he shows the signs of nervousness and terror. In the end, the reader finds out that Roderick buried Madeline alive; she (after a few days) broke out of her coffin and comes back to Roderick who cannot stand it and dies. As shown above, a significant regularity may be found in the plot patterns of the three discussed short stories: the mental disorder as the initial state, its development resolving in the murder of a beloved person (even though in â€Å"The House of Usher† the reader is led to believe that Madeline died a natural death, Roderick in the end confesses to having heard â€Å"her first feeble movements in the hollow coffin[10]†), which returns back to them and proves to be their doom Roderick dies instantly, the man in â€Å"The Black Cat† opens the story with the statement â€Å"to-morrow I die[11]† and the main character of â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† is an accused murderer, so the reader may assume that he is to be executed. In addition to this, there is one element which deserves a singular comment paranoia as the climax of the mental disorder of the main characters. The main character of the â€Å"Tell-Tale Heart† first speaks of waking up with terror in the middle of the night, and then he starts hearing the watch-like sound which reminds him of human heartbeat. In case of the man from â€Å"The Black Cat† and Roderick Usher, the paranoia they develop is underlined by the use of omens which foreshadow the development of the story. In â€Å"The Black Cat,† it is first the image of a cat burned on the wall of the main character’s house, and then the shape of the gallows which he believes to see in the mark of white her of his second cat. As regards â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher,† it is the parallel of Roderick with his mansion, whereas it is stated right at the beginning of the narrative that â€Å"’House of Usher’ [was] an appellation which seemed to include [†¦] both the family and the family mansion[12]. † Roderick himself then attributes certain sentience to the stones of the house and its surroundings. In the beginning, there is a fissure on the house’s wall which in the end â€Å"rapidly widened† and caused the crumbling of the whole building in parallel to Madeline’s breaking out of the tomb which led to the death of Roderick’s. In a more immediate sense, Roderick’s paranoia lies in his hearing of Madeline’s movements as discussed above, which also more corresponds to his condition the acuteness of senses. In case of all the characters, their at the first glance irrational fears come true, in which I find the most significant horror element of these stories. Last, I will discuss the role of the narrator when handling the theme. In all the stories, the first person narrator is used. While in â€Å"The Black Cat† and â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart†, the narrator is the direct participant on the chain of events as well as the sufferer of the mental disorder, the narrator in â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† presents himself only as friend to Roderick Usher and works only as a mediator. As it was mentioned in the previous paragraph, the affected characters of â€Å"The Black Cat† and â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† are nameless; this may be due to the fact that they correspond to the persona of the narrator. In case of â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher,† the narrator (although a participant of the story, Roderick is the character affected by mental disorder) also does not reveal his own identity. The use of such indefinite (in the terms of personal identity) narrators enables the reader closer identification with them. The reader might thus expect to experience the story from the perspective of a mentally unstable person in case of the first two, and one of an unaffected observer in case of the last one. However, as the story of â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† develops, the narrator speaks of being affected by the environment in which the story takes place, â€Å"the bewildering furniture of this room† and Roderick himself when the he states that â€Å"his [Usher‘s] condition terrified [†¦] infected me. At the last night at Usher’s mansion, â€Å"an irrepressible tremor gradually pervaded my frame; and [†¦] there sat upon my [the nar rator‘s] very heart an incubus of utterly causeless alarm[13]. † Therefore, it may be stated that Poe’s narrator (and thus the reader as well), even as a mere observer, cannot escape the experience of mental disorder. In these stories where focus is set on mentally disturbed characters, the narrator also serves as the link with reason. However unlikely this may sound in case of â€Å"The Black Cat† and â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† where the narrator is one with the affected character, it should be taken into consideration how the narrative is presented. In both cases, the narrator rejects madness: in the opening of â€Å"The Black Cat† he states â€Å"mad I am not[14]† and in â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† the narrator keeps denying madness throughout the whole story. Furthermore, the events are presented with logic and reasoning which contradicts the concept of insanity. In case of â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher,† the narrator figures as the sane counterpart to mentally unstable Roderick, and even when he (as I mentioned above) starts to feel affected by the place, he looks for logical reasons of his anxiety especially in the end, when he reads â€Å"Mad Trist† to Roderick and hears sounds parallel to the story he is reading, he considers it â€Å"coincidence alone which had arrested [his] attention. Still, in the end, as I already stated when I discussed paranoia, the logic is beaten the first murderer is convicted by the walled up cat, the second by the heartbeat of the dead man, and Roderi ck by his sister who after a few days of lying in the coffin and few years of apathy found enough strength to break herself out and haunt her brother. To conclude, it may be stated that common pattern of the use of the theme of mental disorder has indeed been found in the three discussed short stories. The initial condition of all the three affected characters underwent certain development which resulted in paranoia. They all caused death of a close person (whether on purpose, in rage or by accident), and this deed then turned against them and led into fulfilment of their fears and eventually to their doom. The narrator functions as a link between the sanity of the reader and the insanity the story handles. In the end, the latter prevails, in which the horror aspect of the stories may be found. Bibliography: Poe, Edgar Allan. â€Å"The Black Cat. † An Exploration of Short Stories by Edgar Allan Poe. 15 May. 2009 lt; http://www. poestories. com/text. php? file=blackcatgt;. Poe, Edgar Allan. â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher. † An Exploration of Short Stories by Edgar Allan Poe. 15 May. 2009 lt; http://www. poestories. com/text. php? file=blackcatgt;. Poe, Edgar Allan. â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart. † An Exploration of Short Stories by Edgar Allan Poe. 15 May. 2009 . 1] with the word â€Å"diseaseâ€Å", I mean the description of a condition provided by Poe rather than proper medical description [2] Edgar Allan Poe, â€Å"The Black Cat,† An Exploration of Short Stories by Edgar Allan Poe, 15 May. 2009 . [3] Poe, â€Å"The Black Cat. † [4] Edgar Allan P oe, â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart,† An Exploration of Short Stories by Edgar Allan Poe, 15 May. 2009 . [5] Edgar Allan Poe, â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher,† An Exploration of Short Stories by Edgar Allan Poe, 15 May. 2009 . [6] Poe, â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher. † [7] Poe, â€Å"The Black Cat. † [8] Poe, â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher. † [9] Poe, â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher. † [10] Poe, â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher. † [11] Poe, â€Å"The Black Cat. † [12] Poe, â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher. † [13] Poe, â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher. † [14] Poe, â€Å"The Black Cat. †